Fahrenheit 451 Study Questions Essay

What is the significance of Montag seeing his reflection in Clarisse’s eyes? Montag sees himself in Clarisse’s eyes, indicating that there is a reflection of him in her. Although he does not really know what the similarities are between him and her, he is aware that there is a connection between them. What final question does Clarisse ask Montag on the night of their first encounter? Why is the question important to the plot? On the night of their first encounter Clarisse asks Montag the question â€Å"Are you happy?† Montag replies by saying yes. This question is important to the plot because it makes Montag question himself. Even though he said yes, he can feel that he is missing something in his life. Although he might not know what that is he is missing, he starts to question himself and what his life really is. He then attempts to figure out what is missing in his life and to fill the void. When Montag enters his home, he stares at the blank wall, but in memory sees Clarisse. What extended simile describes how he sees her? â€Å"She had a very thin face like the dial if a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken up to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour the minute, the second with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it had to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darknesses, but moving also toward a new sun.† This is the simile in which the book describes how Montag sees Clarisse. The simile is comparing Clarisse to a clock, and how she is all-knowing with a mixed personality. At this point of realization, what happens to the smile on Montag’s face, and what is his answer to Clarisse’s question? Once Montag enters the bedroom the smile on Montag’s face goes away. He sees his wife lying down on the bed motionless and he starts to feel sad. At first Montag answered Clarisse’s question by saying yes but after seeing his wife lying down motionless, he begins to question his happiness. Describe Clarisse’s personality Clarisse is very curious and also very nice. She questions and wonders about many things. In the story, she is one of the few people who went outside the box and tries to do new things like playing with and smelling leaves. What does Clarisse say people talk about? Find some examples of representative conversations throughout the book. Clarisse says that no one engages in an actual conversation. She says that people only talk about televisions, cars and clothing but not a meaningful conversation. What is significance of the refrain repeated by the woman whose house was burned? What did it mean? What is its effect on Montag? The significance of the refrain repeated by the woman whose house was burned is â€Å"Play the man, Master Ridley; we shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out.† She is willing to lose her life to stand up for what she believed in, which was for the freedom to read. Montag begins to question why books were so important to her and why she sacrificed her life. Montag starts to wonder if books had important or useful information in them. What does Montag think about the old woman and all the books he has destroyed? He felt guilty and depressed when he thinks about the old woman who burned with her books. He starts to understand that books are not easy to write, and that behind every book is a man who spends their lives dedicated into putting their ideas into books. He then realizes that he destroys something that someone spends their whole lives making in a couple of minutes. Summarize Beatty’s explanation of how the need for fireman arose? Captain Beatty explains to Montag that firemen used to put out fires instead of setting them. Since all houses and buildings are fireproof there is no need for firemen anymore. He then said that intellectual and talented people made others uncomfortable and how books always caused conflict. Then they hired men to burn all these books since they caused conflict and those men were known as firemen. Part 2: The Sieve and the Sand What is the meaning of the title of Part 2? The title â€Å"The Sieve and the Sand† refers to an incident during Montag’s childhood. When Montag was young, his cousin told him that if he filled the sieve with sand he would give Montag a dime. However when Montag tries to fill the sieve with sand, the sand just falls through the holes of the sieve no matter how hard he tries. Now history repeats itself. Montag tries to memorize parts of the Bible, specifically the Book of Ecclesiastes. However when he tries to memorize the Book of Ecclesiastes on the train, the jingle from the advertisement for Denham’s Dentrifice keeps playing. Therefore Montag cannot memorize the Book of Ecclesiastes no matter how hard he tries because the dentrifice commercial keeps distracting him. Montag cannot memorize the words in the books because he is not used to reading since books are banned in the novel. In other words his mind is like a sieve and the information or words from the Bible is the sand, and no matter how hard he tries his mind can never hold the words he is trying to memorize. What is the importance of the dentrifice commercial? In the novel, the dentrifice commercial distracts Montag from focusing on memorizing the Book of Ecclesiastes. It interferes with Montag’s effort to think. This is the authors way of saying that how humans can easily be distracted by something as simple as a 4jingle for a product. Why does Montag go to see Faber? Montag needed to go see Faber because he hid many books in his house and he needs someone to explain what the books mean to him. He remembers he had once met a person named Faber at the park. When they both started talking to each other Faber told Montag that he was an English professor before books were banned. Therefore Montag tried to find a way to contact and meet Faber to help him understand more about books. What does Faber tell Montag about books? Faber tells Montag that books are important and that a person should be free to decide whether they want to read books or not. He also said that people should not be limited to obtain useful and important information that comes from books. In other words Faber tells Montag that people should have the freedom to read books. What are the three things which Faber says are missing from society? The three things which Faber says are missing from society are the quality of information, the leisure to digest it, and the right to carry out actions based on what we learn from the interaction of the quality of information and the leisure to digest it. Describe the parlor women, their views, their conversational concerns? The parlor women were only concerned on what new television they were going to buy. Montag sees this and turns off the walls or television in the middle of their show. Then he asks one of the parlor women about the war. She replied by saying that her husband is being called up to help in the war. However she isn’t worried she says that even if he dies she would not be sad and that she would just find another husband. That’s what she and her husband agreed on. He then asks another question, this time about children. Montag finds out that one of them would not have children and the other does but does not even care for them. Mildred, Montag’s wife, starts talking about politics. The parlor women tell Montag and Mildred who they voted for in the recent election. They tell them that she voted for President Noble just because he was much better looking. Why does Montag read â€Å"Dover Beach† aloud to the ladies? â€Å"Dover Beach† is a poem about the instability of life. It speaks of loss of faith and trust. The poem is also symbolic of their society. It talks about how faith used to be full but is now â€Å"retreating, to the breath of the night wind† leaving only â€Å"naked shingles of the world† and how this life has â€Å"neither joy nor love nor light† anymore. It is a great representation on what human life used to be and how it has become. How do the women react? The women started crying after Montag read â€Å"Dover Beach†. Although they do not fully understand the meaning of the poem, they sense that it was a sad and depressing poem. The women are not used to this kind of emotion and do not know how to react. Therefore they start crying and left Montag’s house. Part 3: Burning Bright What is Mildred’s main concern as she runs out of the house? Mildred mumbles as she’s running out, â€Å"Poor family, poor family, oh everything gone, everything, everything gone now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Family in this context means the television walls she was so attached to. When she said that everything is gone now, she means her TV family. The TV walls were Mildred’s main concern as she runs out of the house. What feelings does Montag have about the burning house? Montag has mixed feelings after being forced by Captain Beatty to burn his own house. In some ways he is happy. He is relieved that he burnt down all the television walls that his wife was so attached to, and he also enjoyed the feeling of burning something again. However he was sad that he burned all the books inside the house and he was not happy that his wife started to turn on him after he burned down all the walls of the house. While Montag was in flight from the scene of Beatty’s murder, what thought occurred to him about Beatty? After Montag kills Beatty, a thought occurred to Montag that Beatty might have wanted to die all along. When Montag used a flamethrower on Beatty, he showed no signs of defending himself as if he did not care if he died and might have possibly wanted to die all along. What is the explanation which Montag and Faber arrive at for how so very much could have happened within one week? After Montag kills Captain Beatty he rushes to Faber’s house. There he wonders to Faber on how he killed his old boss, burned his house, and lost his wife all within one week. Faber replies to Montag by saying that all of this was â€Å"coming for a long time†. Montag understands Faber and says that he used to think that things were wrong for a long time even though he continued with his everyday life. What are Montag’s impressions of the land across the river? Montag was in awe of the beauty of the land across the river. He loved the natural beauty of the countryside, how it seemed so much freer and more natural compared to the computerized world he lived in. When Montag complained about being unable to remember Mildred, what explanation did Granger give him? When Montag said that he was unable to remember his past wife Mildred, Granger tells him about a story of the loss of his grandfather and how when someone dies they must leave something to be remembered by. When Granger asked Montag what Mildred left him he replied with â€Å"nothingness†. What was Granger’s philosophy on life, taught to him by his grandfather, and handed on to Montag? Granger’s philosophy of life is live every second you can as though in just ten seconds you will fall to the ground and die. He also tells Montag to leave his house and enjoy what nature has to offer, and to live life to the fullest. Describe the effects of the war as Montag imagined them. Montag imagines total destruction. He imagines Faber on his bus heading out of town, but there was no use. Where ever Faber’s destination was Montag imagined that it would be meaningless. He also imagined Mildred, quietly watching her TV walls and how that the bombs would hit her. What is the promise at the end of the novel? At the end of the novel, it talks about how a new era is about to begin. The promise is about a better world in the future, a world with human rights and freedom. A world in which people can read if they choose to, and how people are allowed to think of new ideas. A world of creativity and freedom.

Case Study On HR Planning

Ms. Barnacles has an MBA-Human Resources Management from Winston Churchill University and has been instrumental in formalizing the institution's human resources' policies and procedures. Occupancy rates in the hospital had run between 76 and 82 percent from 1987 to 2012. However, since then, occupancy has fallen to 57 percent. Such declines have not been unusual for this industry during this period due to the emphasis of on outpatient services and increasing competition.However, the decline inning occupancy rate has affected this hospital revenues to such an extent that it ran a deficit for the first time last year. The only response to these changes thus far has been a tightening of requirements for equipment or apply purchases. At the most recent quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors on July 31 , 201 3, DRP. Imides Gigantic presented the rather bleak financial picture. The projected deficit for 2013 was PH 3,865,000. 00 unless some additional revenue sources were identified o r some additional savings were found.The Board's recommendation, based on the immediate crisis and need to generate short-term saving, was that employee layoffs were the only realistic alternative. They recommended that DRP. Imides Gigantic consider laying-off up to 10 percent of the hospital's employee's with an emphasis on hose in â€Å"non-essentials† areas. DRP. Gigantic responded that the hospital employees had never been laid off in the history of the institution. Moreover, she viewed the employees as part of the â€Å"family/' and would have great difficulty in implementing such lay-off.Nevertheless, since she had no realistic short-term alternative for closing the â€Å"revenue gap†, she reluctantly agreed to implement the layoff policy which would be as fair as possible to all employees, with guarantee of reemployment for those laid off, and to find additional revenue sources so that layoffs would be unnecessary in the future. DRP Gigantic called Tees Barnacl es into her office the next morning, shared her concerns, and asked her to prepare both a short-term plan to save PH over next year through employee lay-offs as well as long-term plan to avoid layoffs in the future.Her concerns were that the layoffs themselves might be costly in terms Of lost investment in some of the laid-off employees, lost efficiency, potential lawsuits, and lower morale. She was concerned that the criteria for the layoff not only be equitable, but also appear to be equitable to the employees. She also wanted to make sure that those being laid off received adequate† notice so they could make alternative plans or so the hospital could assist them with finding alternative employment.Since the hospital has no previous experience with employee layoffs and no union contract constraints, her feeling was that both seniority and job performance should be considered in determining who would be laid off. Tees knew the hospital's performance appraisal system was inade quate and needed to be revamped. While this task was high on her â€Å"to do† list, she also knew she had to move ahead with her recommendations on layoffs immediately. The present reference appraisal system uses a traditional checklist rating scale with summary rating.Since there is no forced distribution, the average ratings of employees in different departments varies widely. Exhibit 2. 1 . Shows the summary ratings of employee's in each department. Most supervisors in all departments rate most of their subordinates either â€Å"satisfactory' or â€Å"outstanding. † Tees has done a quick review of those employees whose over-all ratings Were â€Å"unsatisfactory† or â€Å"questionable†. Most are employee's with less than three years of seniority, whereas, the â€Å"satisfactory† employee has worked for Sat. Filament approximately seven years. Tees is preparing to submit her recommendations to DRP.Gigantic and has come to YOU, HER Consultant, for advice. Exhibit 2. 2 provides a summary of the distribution of employees and payroll expense by department for the most recent year. Questions: 1. Identify the major problem or problems and their causes. 2. What are some alternatives for dealing with these problems? For example is it possible to avoid layoffs through the use of attrition? 3. Develop a plan for implementing employee layoffs over the next year which will generate 3 million pesos is savings. Give specific details concerning apartments affected, the use of seniority versus merit, the amount of notice, and out-placement activities.

Paul’s Teachings and His Impact on Christianity

It is a widely accepted notion that Paul of Tarsus, a Christian teacher living from AD 4- 67, ultimately and significantly impacted Christianity's expression. Through his writings and beliefs, Paul has changed the spiritual dimension of Christianity in its entirety. Paul, originally a persecutor of Christians for the Roman Empire, received his conversion on the Road to Damascus. It is this that prompted his change of heart, and for his incessant preaching of the gospel.Perhaps driven by his former life, Paul preached the notion of love to all. â€Å"If I have no love, I am like a clanging gong,† he wrote in one of his epistles. In Galatians, Paul notes the importance of love as one of the ‘Fruits of the Spirit'. This devotion to loving one another impacted Christianity as previously, this idea had not been taught so prominently (except, obviously, by Christ). Paul taught that Christians were to, as Jesus taught and demonstrated by His death on the cross, love through all circumstances, as love â€Å"never fails†.This idea has led to the teaching, in many churches now, of adherents ‘becoming love', or becoming one with the qualities Paul so admired in the Saviour he worshipped. Secondly, Paul's preaching of salvation through faith, and, more importantly, through God's grace, led to the amazing expansion of Christianity through the salvation of new believers. In this way, Paul made Christianity accessible to all, no matter whether they were â€Å"Jew or Gentile, male or female, freed or slave†.This revolutionised religious expression as anyone knew it, as previously, salvation was earned through works (for example, sacrifices and commandments). Paul, once again building on Jesus' teachings, taught that obeying commandments was not the way to earn salvation, but was a way to show love for Jesus. While this idea was predominately lost until Martin Luther's reformation, Christianity was transformed by this and expanded significantly as a result. Paul also reiterated the importance of relying on Jesus, which is expressed in his letter to the Colossian church.Their reliance on the self was causing nothing but trouble for their spiritual lives, and Paul was quick to point this uot. Rather than testing human capabilities, Paul promoted the idea of keeping faith in the works of God, through constant prayer and reading of God's word. This, he said, would lead to a spiritually stronger church. This idea transformed the way Christian churches react in the face of crisis – whether to stand on their own ideas (â€Å"lean not on your own understanding,† as the Old Testament says) or to â€Å"Trust in the Lord your God† – with many following Paul's example and receiving through prayer.Paul promoted the idea of individual spiritual growth, as proclaimed in his epistles. He compares newcomers to the faith as spiritual babies, but he advises through learning about the Gospel that any believer can g row (â€Å"for we are all one with Christ†). This transformed Christianity as the believer is able t now feel a closer spiritual connection to God – Paul promotes heavenly rewards, but also new spiritual gifts through growth that God lovingly gives. Paul, while teaching that spiritual growth may accompany struggles and sin, also advise d the adherent to â€Å"flee† from sin.In his epistle to the Galatians, Paul refers to the old self – anger, gluttony, jealousy and hatred – as how believers should not act, then describes the Fruit of the Spirit: â€Å"Love, gentleness, meekness, self-control, kindness, joy and peace† as how believers should live. Paul gave examples of the adherent's ideal life, which had a transforming effect on Christianity not because of its content, but because Paul admitted sin was inevitable. Paul accommodated the nature of all individuals but urged the believer to use self-control, to â€Å"make his body a slave† and to try and resist temptation.Paul's words, undeniably, had a profound effect on Christian spirituality and understanding, as well as teaching. Through Paul's teachings of equality and love, his teachings of Jesus' love and God's grace through salvation, Paul revolutionised Christianity for the better and could always use Jesus' preaching’s to support these (a necessity for the faith). Paul himself did not profess to be perfect – â€Å"my body does things I don't want to do† – but spoke always of Jesus' love and forgiveness for all, showing

International law of contracts Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International law of contracts - Article Example The bill of lading stipulated that the goods were "received in apparent good order and condition" and compliant with the commercial invoice. The condition of the goods was further confirmed by the certificate of inspection issued on loading. Private international law often varies according to the type of parties involved in the contractual arrangement. Most times, consumers are protected by rules that aim to make sure that the law is applied as far as reasonably possible for the consumer. The location of the parties in the contract is also an element that is often used by international laws. These laws refer to places like the domicile or habitual residence of natural persons, or the principal address or place of business of a given company. A news report in the financial section of the Broadcasting Finance Corporation (BFC) by Chief Economist Roberto Preztono has sparked a rumour that a well established bank in the UK is experiencing severe cash flow problems, and the informed opinion in the finance sector seem to suggest that the bank in question might be Leman Sisters. The Samba Carnival arrived in Southampton at the end of October and on inspection there appeared to be some concerns about the condition of the consignment of steel rods. A significant portion of the consignment was discovered to be rusty and there was some doubt as to whether the goods would match the specifications required under the agreement. Although the ship's manifesto records that the ship encountered a heavy storm during the voyage and water entered into the hold, it is hard to determine the real cause of the damage. A consignment of timber stowed above the steel, was reported as being water logged. It was also reported that there had been a s ignificant breakdown in the communication and management of the ship during the course of the voyage. Apparently 8 of the 16 crew members (including the new trainee cook) were suffering from food poisoning. Of the remaining 8 crew members who did not sample the cook's culinary debut was the First Lieutenant who categorically refused to leave his cabin. It has since transpired that the First Lieutenant was in fact an undercover investigative journalist trying to expose harsh working conditions on merchant ships. It appears that his CV and references were not checked by Amazona Ltd before confirmation of employment. In this instance, a party can be excused from liability to a claim of damages when there is a failure to perform, that can be attributed to an impediment that is beyond the control of the party's, or a third party sub-contractor Such an extraneous event might elsewhere be referred to as force majeure, and frustration of the contract. The place of performance of a contract also plays an important role in some private international law rules. When the performance of the transaction involves some physical contact with a given jurisdiction, e.g. delivery of the goods ordered, the fact that the contract was concluded on line does not as such raise any problems. The problems arise when the contract is not only concluded but

Summarize chapter 23 and 24 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summarize chapter 23 and 24 - Essay Example Finally, the chapter also delved into a discussion of safety procedures required during aircraft taxiing, parking and towing, among others. The aim of the chapter was to enhance awareness on ground operations to prevent accidents and ensure safety through effective flight line operations. Chapter 24 delved into a discussion of airports and heliports by first indicating three diverse scenarios: being a tenant, owning one, or using diverse airports or heliports, for that matter. The aim is to provide a comprehensive presentation of safety precautions and guidelines for safety managers, regardless of the kind of ownership. Learning begins with the airport certification manual and emergency plan. Differentiating criteria for airports and heliports were likewise presented. A great deal of spaces were accorded to contain relevant information detailing airport and heliport safety inspection subjects which make safety managers equipped in identifying safety programs, contents of manuals, required reporting, emergency plans, equipment, and fuel handling. It indicated that more information could be sourced from the Federal Aviation Administration, as required. The article written by Andrew Smolenski published in Examiner.com indicated the Federal Aviation Administration’ s (FAA) new ruling on improving relevant policies to prevent the increased helicopter accidents. The full press release from the FAA revealed that: â€Å"the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) today proposed broad new rules for helicopter operators, including air ambulances, which, if finalized, would require stricter flight rules and procedures, improved communications and training, and additional on-board safety equipment† (Smolenski, 1). It can be deduced that the relevance of insuring compliance to safety requirements as stipulated in manuals and emergency plans must be adhered to, as indicated in the course modules on ground operations

Change and Development in the English Language Essay

Change and Development in the English Language - Essay Example In an analysis of the linguistic features of the Early Modern English in connection with the language of Shakespearean plays, it becomes obvious that the language used by Shakespeare belongs to the early years of Modern English and there is nothing standard about the orthography in Shakespearean English, a feature he shared with the Early Modern English.   An analysis of the two extracts from Shakespeare’s plays – King Lear, Act IV, Scene 6 and Henry V, Act III, Scene 2 – confirms that Shakespearean English illustrates the features of Early Modern English.One of the most essential examples of the change and development of the English language through the modern period is provided by the Shakespearean plays are and his plays are frequently termed as ‘modern’. Significantly, the English language has developed through various ages and the growth of the language during the early modern period can be best comprehended in a profound analysis of Shakespearean plays. Although there is an essential issue concerning Shakespeare’s connections with modernity as it is difficult to determine precisely when modernity began, the plays by Shakespeare provide the best example of modern English in its earliest times. In an analysis of the linguistic features of the Early Modern English in connection with the langu age of Shakespearean plays, it becomes obvious that the language used by Shakespeare belongs to the early years of Modern English and there is nothing standard about the orthography in Shakespearean English, a feature he shared with the Early Modern English.

Social Responsibility and Governance Research Paper

Social Responsibility and Governance - Research Paper Example The paradigm shift in the affairs of Trans-National Corporations of moving from corporate philanthropy to corporate social responsibility began in the 1990s. CSR and globalization, though theoretically miles apart, are in practice complementary to each other with their roles, at times, overlapping. In this report, we carried out a review of the literature to prove the hypothesis that CSR is a key issue in globalization. All authors studied are of the view that CSR is currently playing an important role in the conduct of global business. The larger is the size of a company, the greater is the onus on it for taking up a socially responsible role. According to Kotler and Lee (2005), corporate social responsibility includes those set of voluntary business practices and contributions that a company makes to improve community well-being. Community, here, refers to buyers, suppliers, employees and the social milieu, the company operates in. CSR also stands for operating and exceeding ethical, legal commercial and public expectations of business. For a business to be socially responsible, it is important that its practices and processes should have positive outcomes on the community. CSR is driven by the ‘moral marketplace factor’ creating increased mortality in choices made by consumers, investors, and employees (Hess, Rogovasky, and Dunfee quoted in Kotler and Lee, 2005). Companies value being perceived as good citizens and good corporate citizens. The importance of corporate social responsibility, today, is such that any large corporation can ill-afford to ignore. CSR is about wealth creation by making products and delivering services that are sustainable socially and environmentally. Advantages of CSR extend beyond immediate profit-making and bring long-term multiple benefits. Prior to the current state of globalization, corporate social responsibility was restricted to  philanthropic causes.

Course project week 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Course project week 1 - Assignment Example The fracturing process involving pumping of fluids usually made up of chemicals and water, into structures at high pressure. Following a buildup of pressure that ultimately exceeds the strength of the rock, fracture occur, which might extend hundreds of feet away from the situation of the well. A propping agent is then pumped into the fractures to keep it open, as pumping pressure is freed (Hydraulic fracturing, 1990). At the end of the fracturing, the inner pressure within the geologic structure makes the injected fracturing liquid to rise above the surface for storage in pits or tanks to await disposal or recycling. In the United States, this process is currently underway in the Marcellus Shale region that takes in places like Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Virginia Maryland, and West Virginia. South America also has fracturing going on in places that include Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina while in Europe fracturing goes on in Britain between Blackpool and Pendle Hil, in Lancashire. Despite much criticism, hydraulic fracturing has affected the economy in a number of positive ways. This includes the Creation of employment opportunities for many Citizens, generation of income for the many employees working in this sector, increasing the states revenues both directly and indirectly (Karapataki, 2012). In addition, the fracturing process has increased economic activities in certain places thus improving tax Revenue of the concerned Local Government. Hydraulic Fracturing Background Information | Hydraulic Fracturing | US EPA. (n.d.). Home | Water | US EPA. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from

My Second - Problem Base Question (EU Law) Essay

My Second - Problem Base Question (EU Law) - Essay Example Arthur would have been compensated for the damage of  £100,000 of the cabbages field. Other dimension is the present situation that 00/1271/EC Directive has not been implemented yet. Brownings Ltd. should put up this situation as an accident that results in damage to Arthur’s fields as well as the premises of Brownings Ltd. By putting the case in such manner will prevent Brownings Ltd. to pay compensation to Arthur. Under this situation both parties has to move towards the insurance organizations for the damages incurred to them. By means of regard to the straight effect of directives, the European court of justice has detained in Marshall v. Southampton AHA that orders can only be imposed against the State since art 249 EC Treaty conveys that a instruction is obligatory upon each Member State to whom it is dealt; it does not present that it trusses persons.   Consequently until United Kingdom actually applies the directive it would be iniquitous to permit it to be imposed against non-governmental bodies.   Arthur is looking for implementing the Directive in opposition to Brownings. As it is provided in the case study that Brownings is a limited organization that have possession of a large chemical works.   If one applies the three Foster criteria that are provision of a government service; under the control of the State; and having exceptional powers; to it, as Brownings obviously is not providing a state service, so due to this reason it would not be an emanation of the State.   Though the European court of justice in Kampelmann has recommended that the Foster criteria may not be cumulative, and therefore offered one of the three criteria is fulfilled, the body will be an emanation of the State.   Conversely, this fraction of the judgment may well be wrong, and it is completely practicable that the three criteria are cumulative.   Yet if they are not cumulative, it is doubtful that

Development of Women during the 1920's to the 1930's Essay

Development of Women during the 1920's to the 1930's - Essay Example She says, "No change had a greater impact on women's roles than the transition from primarily an agricultural economy to a corporate, commercial, industrial one, a change that took slowly over decades Harrison (1997)." She goes on to note that this was particularly true of the African American woman's movement in that, "Urban working-class mothers, especially African-Americans, themselves engaged in industrial production or domestic work for pay; by 1920, about 9 percent of married women worked outside the home for wages (Harrison, 1997)." Harrison goes on to note the complex way in which The Great Depression effected the transition of women being housewives to contributing to the working class. During The Great Depression unemployment rates rose to 25 percent and with many men out of work, their wives were subject to do remedial jobs that men wouldn't take like house cleaning, nursing, dry cleaning and secretary jobs, as Harrison notes "in fact most women worked only at jobs that men did not do and so by the start of World War II, almost 15 percent of wives were working, up from 12 percent at the beginning of 1930. The remedial work women suffered through during 1920 to 1930 eventually escalated during World War I when men were sent off to war. There was a void in the working class and women were needed to take on jobs that were traditionally reserved just for men. The image of the hardworking American woman became personified in the billboard plastering's of the "Rosie the Riveter" image. Millions of women gained access to government and non-military factory jobs and as Harrison notes during World War I, "The percentage of women in the work force went from pre-war figures of 25 percent to a wartime peak of 38 percent (Harrison, 1997)." These work figures are significant because it was through employment women could establish self-worth and liberate themselves from a dependence on men for personal survival. These higher paying positions were temporary though, and as soldiers returned from war women were quickly weeded out of industry positions and this began a trend of women leaving the labor force and focusing on raising families leading into the late 1940's on through to the 60's. Despite the transition for equal rights during the 1920's and 30's, women still had slim to no authority over their identity or future as it applied to their place in society in the United States. During this period there were excessive reports of domestic violence, and in the medical world women were habitually over-diagnosed with having psychological disorders and in many cases sent away to medical facilities. No work better captures the complexities of this issue and time in American history than Sylvia Plath's "The Bell Jar." In her article, "A Ritual For Being Born Twice" Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar, Marjorie G. Perloff analyzes the popular appeal the novel holds among young women. The concept of the emotional distress that comes from illness conflicting with the psychological and social boundaries, used to confine women during the 1930's, is interpreted as a major contribution to the books growing fan base. The major draw the book has is the complex nature of Esther's dysfunct ions. She is mentally ill in a way that leaves her situation

Goals Statement Essay Example for Free

Goals Statement Essay When I first sat down to write my educational goals statement, I thought it would be easy. I am an extremely goal oriented person, with my entire life being spent focusing on â€Å"what’s next†. So, how difficult could it be to simply write down those goals? When I began writing, however, I discovered it was going to be a little more difficult than I anticipated. I realized that it may be possible to have too many goals. My list was long and confusing with some goals very specific, and others vague. I thought to myself, how can I produce a smart goals statement out of this? So I re-evaluated my list and discovered that my goals could actually be divided into three predictable categories: immediate goals, short-term goals, and long-term goals. I decided then to choose one from each category to focus on for this report. My immediate goals were fairly general, but all related to my success as a student, so my main goal as student is to get an A in all of my online subjects, and this is a goal that I will go reaching slowly, day by day over the course of this course and in my following online courses. I feel a little intimidated when taking these online courses because my native language is Spanish and having to study in English is an extra challenge for me but I know that with effort and dedication I will get the A that I’m hoping for.

Men Are Better Leaders Essay Example for Free

Men Are Better Leaders Essay Women in high-level leadership positions, such as corporate CEOs, when studied, seem to exhibit the same sorts of leadership behaviors as their male counterparts. That is probably because the demands of the leadership role require certain actions and behaviors to succeed. In addition, because of the hurdles that women must leap to get to the top (leadership and gender expert, Alice Eagly, refers to this as the labyrinth that women, but not men, need to go through), it could be the case that only women who exhibit the same sorts of leadership styles and behaviors as male leaders make it through. So, studying leaders at the top, gives the impression that there are no big differences in how men and women lead. You get a somewhat different picture if you ask followers and leaders about male and female leaders. They notice differences that are in line with stereotypes about men and women, reporting that female leaders are more nurturing, empathic, and responsive than male leaders, but they will also report the negative side (e. g. , moody). Male leaders, on the other hand, are perceived to be more action-oriented and more focused on tasks. As a Catalyst study concludes that according to leaders and followers in the workplace, women leaders take care, men leaders take charge. Realize, however, that this involves peoples perceptions of leaders, colored by stereotypes and expectations. Finally, there is a growing body of research that has studied the leadership styles and leadership potential of men and women, typically men and women managers (but also women in non-managerial positions). For example, using the theory of transformational leadership as an indicator of successful leadership (transformational leaders are inspirational, positive role models, concerned about followers, empowering, and push followers to be creative and take chances), research shows that women, as a group, have more transformational qualities than men. In other words, and based on this research, women have more leadership potential and tend to lead more effectively than men (I discussed this in an earlier post). So, what are the implications? Well, as attitudes about women leaders change (they are changing, albeit ever so slowly) and the labyrinth becomes less difficult to navigate, we expect more to women attain high-level leadership positions. Noted leadership scholar, Bernard Bass, predicted that by the year 2034 the majority of high-level leaders will be women, based on their more transformational qualities. Of course, men in leadership positions are also realizing that the old way of leading taking charge (command and control) may not be as effective in todays world and in the future, so they learn to adapt and change how they lead.

Importance of Statistical Research in Medicine

Importance of Statistical Research in Medicine The Nepal Journal of Epidemiology is the first journal of its kind in Nepal. Our main objective in pioneering this journal is to attempt to provide a common platform for all researchers, particularly those doing epidemiological studies on prevailing public health problems in the community. We wish to make this journal one that follows standard criteria of scientific article writing with sound technical knowhow. We have introduced several initiatives to improve the quality, reporting, and transparency of research in general, and randomised trials in particular, by emphasising the importance of protocols. We offer to review protocols to improve trial quality and reduce publication bias. We consider submissions of randomised trials only if registered and accompanied by a protocol, which is sent with the manuscript to peer reviewers. All who use, receive, or pay for health-care interventions depend on guidance from reliable research findings and will want reassurance that medical researc h is credible. Essentially, Nepals research output is still small. More collaboration and partnerships between countries in different regions of Asia and externally must be fostered. Lack of investment in research should also be addressed by nations that are capable of investing more. Research in Nepal can and should flourish over the next decade. A brief review through almost any recently published medical journal will show that statistical methods play an increasingly important role in modern medical research. Many research papers quote at least one p-value to communicate their results while some present the results and the statistical analysis of medical data in relatively sophisticated and complex sets1-8. After extensive study of the available literature and from the personal experience in this domain, I would like to venture a few recommendations for the improvement of various aspects in medical research and its application. I believe that this brief discussion will be of great value to all professionals involved in medical research and its application. Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability, mused William Osler. Medical journals are a confluence of medicine, science and journalism-and are expected to have the values of all three. The science that underpins medicine is presented in journals, and most journals can point to landmark studies that changed medicine. Medical journals differ from scientific journals in that they are mainly read, not by scientists, but by practicing doctors. Medical journals will continue to be the main vehicle of scientific information for years to come, particularly where access to computer and internet facilities are relatively limited. Currently, the output-and rewards-of research are based almost entirely on published papers in scientific journals. Scientists in low-income and middle-income settings want an opportunity to analyze data for their populations according to their own priorities. They want to be in the frontlines of national and global conversations about their countr ys experiences. Evidence-based medicine provides several ways to quantify and communicate uncertainty, but does so from a probabilistic rather than a human perspective. We can divide Evidence based medicine/clinical epidemiology into two major methodological themes: statistical and implementation. The use and analysis of large trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, evidence hierarchies, cost-effectiveness analyses, and number needed to treat would come under the statistical while the improved access to evidence through literature searching, library and critical appraisal tools, guideline development, risk framing, etc. would be implementation. Researchers welcome clinical uncertainty as a source of knowledge gaps, whose answers will be meaningful to clinicians and patients. Clinical epidemiology bridges clinical practice and public health. Policies notwithstanding, despite suggestions to detect and eliminate research misconduct, training in research ethics, standards and responsible conduct is often minimal or absent in academia. The quality of medical journals depends on several factors involving three groups of people: namely the authors, the reviewers and the editors. Deciding who should be listed as an author is not simple, and too often the decision is made on the basis of power. The powerful are included, even when they have done nothing, and the weak are excluded, even though they have done most of the work. This unethical behaviour can become a major problem if the study proves to be fraudulent, as has happened many times. Sometimes journals receive coverage in the media that makes them squirm, particularly when they are exposed as having published research that is fraudulent. I worry that journals are being polluted by misconduct and that editors are not responding adequately. Scientific reading will enhance the quality of scientific writing. Critical reading and thinking will provide a relevant, interesting, feasible, ethical and novel research hypothesis. The author or researcher planning on a research study and publication should search in Medline, PubMed and other search engines for relevant reviews and literature of similar studies in world and national scenario. These studies must be examined for strengths and weaknesses, and the researcher must apply required modifications for new knowledge. It will help the author tremendously in the writing of the introduction, discussion and conclusion part of the manuscript. Before starting data collection, the researcher should decide upon the study design, target population, sample size and sampling method, inclusion exclusion criteria, study period, study variable, outcome measures and units of measurement, definition of all the terms and variables and their classification. After careful consideration, the methodology of data collection and the method of data analysis, including the computer packages and statistical methods, should be chosen. The instruments or questionnaire used to measure the variables should be described correctly and if others have developed them, referenced properly. A researcher should be well aware of the concepts of different types of data and variables, two types of errors (type I and type II errors), calculation of sample size, significance level, confidence interval, testing of hypothesis and power of the test1-11. Once these criteria are followed, the authors should allot paragraphs for each one of them in the material and methods part of the manuscript, thereby increasing the quality of the study. This meticulous planning and execution will be useful to new researchers in this area. The editorial management is a crucial part of the publishing process. The editors begin action with the receipt of the manuscript by directing the various steps of evaluation, correction and re-submission, until an editorial decision is taken to accept the paper as is, accept it after modification or reject it if it is unacceptable. They then make necessary text and layout editing. Due consideration is given to the statistical, multilingual and ethical aspects as well as to the overall uniformity of the terminology, nomenclature and style throughout the volume as a whole. Experts review plays a pivotal role on maintaining the quality of a medical journal. A reviewer is required to address a number of important aspects of the paper and to make recommendation concerning the acceptability of the paper. Findings of good research deserve to be presented well, and a good presentation is as much a part of the research as the painstaking collection and analysis of the data. Critical appraisal of 150 articles published in a reputed medical journal in Nepal reveals that in more than 70% articles experienced biostatisticians were not involved or substantially contributed (not co authored), more than 65% studies sample size calculation were wrong and 80% of the article with inadequate statistical details and wrong statistical tests. Critical reviewers of the biomedical literature have consistently found that more than half of the published articles (including scientific articles, published even in the best journals) that used statistical methods contained unacceptable errors 1-11. The term statistics here in this context, has a wider meaning and includes the methodology of research, study design, or epidemiological methodology etc 1-8. The major applications of biostatistics started in the middle of the 17th century in the analysis of vital statistics. After the early developments in vital statistics, the field of genetics was the next area that benefited most from the new statistical ideas emerging in the works of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), Francis Galton (1822-1910), Karl Pearson (1857-1936), and Ronald A. Fisher (1890-1962). Now, the fields of application and areas of concern of biostatistics include evidence based medicine, bioassays, public health, health service research, nutrition, environmental health, demography, epidemiology, surveys of human populations, community diagnosis, bio-mathematical modelling, clinical trials, brain imaging, genomics and proteomics. Computer-based statistical packages have not yet been given expertise to decide the correct method although they sometimes generate a warning message when the data are not adequate. The user of the package decides the method9. The real solution to poor statistical reporting will come when authors learn more about the statistical methods in research design and when statisticians are able to convey the importance of the methods used in the study to authors, editors, and readers; when researchers begin to involve statisticians from the beginning of research, not at its end; when manuscript editors begin to understand and to apply statistical reporting and editing guidelines; when the journals are able to screen the articles containing statistical analyses more carefully; and when readers learn more about how to interpret statistics and begin to expect and demand, adequate statistical reporting7. A researcher should never hesitate to ask for professional assistance from a biostatistician to plan the study or experiment. There may be valuable research going on in developing and financially less-privileged countries, but it usually does not reach international visibility, in spite of a large number of scientific journals in these countries. Such journals are not only invisible but by perpetuating a vicious circle of inadequacy, may be directly damaging to the local science and research culture. Journals should prevent this by constructing an editorial board including qualified editors from developed and developing countries in the editorial board. I recommend biostatisticians to join as editors and reviewers in order to help formulate journal policy, audit the quality of statistics in published papers, help produce statistical guidelines or checklists for authors, educate editors, provide explanatory statistical comments on published papers, and write expository articles about statistical matters in journals.

A Comparison of Dulce Et Decorum Est and Exposure Essay example -- Wil

A Comparison of Dulce Et Decorum Est and Exposure Traditional war poetry gives the idea of patriotic idealism of war. This style of poetry implies that war is patriotic and that people who fight for their country are honorable. But many of the poets do not portray war as it really is, by glossing over the gory details with attractive images. Many traditional war poems were written before the war to persuade and encourage young boys to become loyal soldiers. Many of the soldiers were taught to believe that they were the chosen few and they were delighted to take part. They even thanked God, ‘Now, God be thanked, Who had matched us with His hour’. The capital ‘H’ on ‘His’ implies the importance; meaning that ‘His hour’ is God’s war. This makes the soldiers even more delighted and thankful. And the worst occurrence would be death. But as it says in ‘The Soldier’ by Rupert Brooke, death doesn’t last long and everybody shall die at one point, so why not die honorably for your country? Owen and many other ww1 poets were a contrast to traditional poems. They wrote about war realistically. They wrote from personal experience. They include horrific details of death and injury. They also criticized those who were running the war. Wilfred Owen was born in 1893 into a middle-class family. His family came under financial difficulties and his education was stunted. Nether the less his ability of poetry writing grew fuelled by his reading of romantics. In his twenties he went through life going from one badly paid job to another. During this time he had little spare time to concentrate on writing poetry. In August 1914 Wilfred Owen found himself with a stable job as a private tutor of a French family in the ... ...ir personal, first hand experiences of the war. Owen met Sassoon at Craiglockhart War Hospital near Edinburgh. The two men worked together to write ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’, this partnership worked particularly well as both men had experiences of war and could express themselves in their poems. Although ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ and ‘Exposure’ are different poems, they have their similarities. They are both written by a man who was awarded the Military Cross for bravery at Amiens, they both have the same theme (war and the effects, both short term and long term) and both are superbly written. Wilfred Owen experienced the terrors of war first hand and filtered his experiences into his work. That is why ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ and ‘Exposure’ are such wonderful, emotive and interesting poems. Their writer had first hand experience of the horrors of warfare.

The Age Of Revolt :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Age of Revolt† During each period of life on the planet earth, a new idea, religion, or belief comes about. Each period is characterized by having a major idea that is shared among all that is living at the time. Writers and poets that lived in these time periods not only believed in what the others did, but wrote about their dreams and ideas they shared. The age of Romanticism was characterized as a time of love, but if a person was to examine a poem or work that was written during this time period they will realize it was not just a time of love at all. The Romantic period was gilded to be happy and peaceful, but it really was a time of revolt, world wonder, and the rejection of intellectualism (Essay topic page). About one hundred and fifty years before the Romantic period was the Restoration time period. Poets and writers during the time wrote in a dull style that had very little imagination. They wrote of actual occurrences and told things the way they were. Toward the end of the Restoration and into the Romantic period, writer and poets began to write creative stories and poems that seemed to contradict the literature from the time before. Poets like Coleridge would write of unusual or supernatural things, and writers like Mary Shelly who wrote the gruesome tell of Frankenstein. One example of a supernatural idea is in Frankenstein when the lead character Victor Frankenstein say’s â€Å"I had glazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then; but when those muscles and joints capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived.† The poems and stories of this time are so different from the Restoration time period, a person can only fathom that the w riters at the time are just revolting from the time before. The writers were just sick of the dull writing style before them and they set out to prove a point. During the Restoration time period people did not care about the earth and nature. All they cared about was themselves and what people thought of them in their social class. Social class was a major issue during the Restoration, for example in Chaucer’s the Canterbury the different characters in the story range in class from a Knight, to a Pardoner. Toward the end of the Restoration and into the Romantic time period writers began to ignore the social class issue and they became more concerned with the earth and universe.

Comparing the Role of the Narrator in Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller and Hwang :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing the Role of the Narrator in Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller and Hwang’s M. Butterfly Written stories differ in numerous ways, but most of them have one thing in common; they all have a narrator that, on either rare occasions or more regularly, help to tell the story. Sometimes, the narrator is a vital part of the story since without him or her, it would not be possible to tell the story in the same way, and sometimes, the narrator has a very small role in the story. However, he or she is always there, and to compare how different authors use, and do not use, this outside perspective writing tool, a comparison between Herman Melville’s Benito Cereno, Henry James’ Daisy Miller, and David Henry Hwang’s M. Butterfly will be done. One of the basic functions of the narrator is to describe the actions that occur from an outside perspective. Since almost no characters will describe the basic actions, i.e. how people are moving, in the plot, it is necessary to use the narrator as help in this issue. All three works that are compared in this essay, Daisy Miller, Benito Cereno and M. Butterfly, use this technique quite often and in very similar ways. First of all, we have James who never writes any words without explicit meaning to the story. As a result, the narrator’s descriptions of simple actions are often short and concise; â€Å"Daisy looked at him for a moment† (James 108). However, since M. Butterfly is originally written to be performed and not read, Hwang uses the narrator to describe the stage for the reader. Therefore, most of the narrator’s comments are related to how the characters move on stage, and how the stage itself looks like; â€Å"They start to walk about the stage. It is a summer night on the Beijing streets. Sounds of the city play on the house speakers† (Hwang 21). Melville, on the other hand, uses the narrator for more detailed purposes. He often adds specific details to the descriptions; small hints of what is still to come in the storyline. A good example of this is when he describes how the two captains in the story are standing on the deck: â€Å"While most part of the story was being given, the two captains stood on the after part of the main deck, a privileged spot, no one being near but the servant† (Melville 45).

An interpretation of Love in Chang-Rae Lee’s “A Gesture Life”

Love, as they say moves in mysterious ways, we can say that it really did in Chang-Rae Lee’s novel â€Å"A Gesture Life.† The novel was basically about the life of Franklin â€Å"Doc† Hata and his reminiscing of his colorful and interesting past to restore his present life. The bulk of the narrative was mostly about how Hata expresses his love for the other characters in the novel. Interestingly, â€Å"A Gesture Life† is certainly not the kind of story that portrays love in a typical manner. It is quite amusing that there are lots of ironies if love was to be discussed in this book . This essay will show the readers that the desire for love in â€Å"A Gesture Life† had ironically hindered the acquisition of love. The novel of Chang-Rae Lee was basically about probably the worst kind of tragedy there is, not being loved by everyone even by oneself. If we are to classify the different forms of love in â€Å"A Gesture Life,† there are lots of technical terms that are always related to the concept of love like agape, pragmatic love, eros, complex chemical reactions and terms like pheromones and dopamine, and lots of scientific terms that few of us comprehends. This essay will only employ types of love that is understandable by all for the purpose of keeping this essay from being too general. This essay will focus on the main character’s love for the other characters and concepts in his life. But the essay will not settle for mere descriptions of the protagonist’s love, it will show the reader how love had been distorted and given meanings by the traumas that the protagonist had suffered during the war. The first kind of love from the novel is the love for acceptance. The protagonist Hata, had been begging (although he didn’t express this explicitly) for acceptance from the people in his life and his neighborhood. Hata was too careful about everything he does in his neighborhood. That is because he doesn’t want to commit mistakes that could get him noticed. He wanted a low-profile life in his neighborhood because he has this assumption that he will be the target of discrimination in the community. But contrary to what Hata is thinking, the citizen’s of his community, Bedley Run, appears to like Hata, but in the way Hata wants them to like him. Hata was treated like an Oriental mascot because the people in Bedley Run seem to like him only for the differences he and most of the people in Bedley Run share. Hata speaks of his love for acceptance in his community, â€Å"†¦my assumption is that once I settle in†¦I will be treated like as people should be treated† (Lee 3).   His assumptions of being accepted was brutally debunked by what had transpired during his stay in Bedley Run, â€Å"It seems to me that people took a weird interest in making me feel that I am unwelcome† (Lee 3) Hata’s love for acceptance didn’t end with his failed attempt with his neighborhood. It appears that Hata’s love for his adopted daughter Sunny, whom he had adopted when he was still in Korea when Sunny was just a child. While Sunny was growing up, she and her father were having endless disputes. In the long run, Sunny ran away from home even when she was just a teenager. Later in the story, Hata will have the chance to make up with her daughter. Sunny went back to Hata and asks for support for she was pregnant. Irritatingly, Hata denied Sunny’s plea for support. Hata had prioritized more his and his family’s reputation more than the well being of her daughter. It appears that even though Hata loves her daughter, his family’s reputation weighs more than the affection of his daughter. This is Hata’s real and unfortunate dilemma. He had stated several times in the narrative that he loves her daughter very much, but still he is quite unable show his love. After this he will contemplate heavily as to why his life is devoid of love, he will contemplate heavily as to why his life is remote to the lives of the ones he dears most. Hata’s weird and unproductive approach to love will backfire at him at the most tragic of scenarios. Hata had accidentally brought his house on fire and he was hurt in the fire and was hospitalized. After that he was caught in a web of nostalgia, he reminisced about the time he served as a paramedic in an army camp in the pacific war. There he had fallen in love with a certain woman whom he calls â€Å"K† who was about the same age as her adopted daughter Sunny. He had loved K as genuinely a man could love a woman. He was even willing to die and kill for K as she had committed murder and Hata was willing to offer help in covering up. But then, just like in the bulk of the story, Hata’s love remains unrequited. K had viewed his love as having ill intentions. K thought that Hata was only after her youth and was only after sex. This tragic memory of Hata had some great effects in later in his life especially the relationships he had, especially with her daughter. In a weird but true manner, Hata’s kind of loves are real and unfortunately remains unrequited. Hata’s situation is what we see everyday happening to real people. That is just the truthfulness that made this story a success. The novel â€Å"A Gesture Life† may have been talking about the tragic life of Hata when it comes to love, but what it was actually talking about is how some people find it very hard to be loved just because they themselves find it hard to love others. In the story, Hata seems to be the kind of person who never knew the feeling of being loved. He has this hunger to be loved by the people around him. This for me is one of the reasons why many people find it easy to empathize with the character of Hata. Work Cited Lee, Chang-Rae. A Gesture Life. CA: Riverhead books. 1999   

Saint Telemachus

The Roman Catholic faith is one of the religions that believe in martyrs and saints and honored their lives because of the sacrifices that they have made in the name of fighting for their religion and in the name of preaching the values and morals that the Roman Catholic faith is teaching and preaching to everyone. How these martyrs and saints lived was somewhat similar – a moment of recognition of the presence of God in their lives, the life of prayer and devotion to the faith, the episode of their life wherein they become the tool or vessel of God for an important mission before they die. While their lives seem to follow a certain pattern, their death is somewhat not always the same. There are those who die peacefully in their sleep or because of old age, and there are those who die a violent death in front of an angry crowd. Jesus Christ, the son of God and one of the three personas of the Roman Catholic God, in life mortal human form, died a very violent and brutal death. So did other saints, martyrs and other individuals who are considered faithful to the Roman Catholic faith especially during its early stage and during the time the religion’s main enemies are persecution of the faith and the presence of a set of social norm that strongly go against the paradigm of the Roman Catholic faith, The setting of the world at the time of St. Telemachus’ life, whose death, like Jesus Christ and the other saints, were violent and brutal, and became a source of an important catalyst in the social landscape inside Rome. This paper will discuss the life of St. Telemachus and the significant aspects related to St. Telemachus that will help establish St. Telemachus as one of the important and noteworthy saint and martyr whose contributions were very realistic and practical and transcended the basic act of religious theoretical teaching and selfless public service. ABOUT SAINT TELEMACHUS Saint Telemachus was known by different other possible names, including Saint Tilemahos as well as Almachus, whose birth is remains unknown. He was a monk who was believed to be the one who influenced the policy about gladiatorial fights after his very popular but seriously challenged story about stopping the fighting gladiators that resulted to his death. His proclamation as a martyr and the stopping of the entertainment of the crowd for armed combats which is usually a fight to the death to which spectators gamble. St. Telemachus was mentioned in many different literary forms by authors from different places. Little is known about St. Telemachus, and because of this, many theological experts, historians, as well as critics and analysts, challenge the veracity and truthfulness in the story about Telemachus. The usual tempo and outline of the available St. Telemachus story – from his journey to Rome, his entry in the arena, his stoppage of the fight, his death and martyrdom, runs something like this: â€Å"The emperor Honorius first prohibited gladiatorial shows at Rome, on occassion of the death of St. Telemachus, who coming thither from the East, during the exhibition of these spectacles, went down into the arena, and exerted himself to prevent the gladiators from continuing the sport . † THE STORIES SURROUNDING THE DEATH OF SAINT TELEMACHUS There were many versions of how exactly St. Telemachus died after he supposedly stopped a fight between two gladiators inside a Roman fighting arena during the height of the fad of this particular type of death match entertainment. Authors like Alban Burns explained that there were two versions believed by the Catholic faithful about how St. Telemachus died. The first version is the death of St. Telemachus from the stoning he got from the audience who were â€Å"infuriated† b y his mediation and intervention that spoiled the excitement of the action that was already progressing by the time he arrived and tried to stop the fight. Another version pointed the death of St. Telemachus towards the actions of the â€Å"city prefect,† who, like the audience, found St. Telemachus’ action inside the arena not agreeable to his preferences and interests. Because of that, the prefect of the city ordered the gladiators (whether the ones who were fighting or those on standby inside the arena is not exactly ascertained by Butler and Burns) to kill him, who supposedly said before dying that â€Å"Today is the octave day of the Lord, cease from the superstitions of idols and from polluted sacrifice . † This act cost his life, but in return earned him the stature of a martyr in the annals of the Roman Catholic faith. THE IMPORTANCE OF SAINT TELEMACHUS Despite the fact that St. Telemachus is not a very popular name or saint among many Roman Catholics compared to other popular saints and martyrs (largely because of the fact that very little was written or known about St. Telemachus besides his action inside the Roman gladiatorial arena compared to other saints and martyrs whose life and works are well written, well documented and well publicized), there are those, especially the devout and the learned religious faithful who does not forget the place of St. Telemachus not just in the religious aspect of the understanding of his life and the significance of his contribution, but also historically as a person who in one particular time, in the history of the Roman Catholic faith and faithful, made his mark and contribution in the effort of the religion to sustain the values and moral preached by Roman Catholic faith. St. Telemachus is nonetheless considered and appraised with the same fervor as with t he other saints and martyrs, especially when discussed alongside his contemporaries and those whose life and location was never far before or after him. For almost four hundred years the martyrs of the Church met here, beginning with St. Ignatius†¦ and ending with St. Telemachus who, dying, implored the mob: ‘In the name of Christ, forbear. ’ They loved and suffered enough to finally change the mind of Rome . † ST. TELEMACHUS AND THE IMPACT ON LITERARY WRITING St. Telemachus was indeed an inspiration not just to the traditional and conventional religious individuals but to literary artists as well. The life and tragedy of St. Telemachus perhaps was a source of inspiration for Sir Alfred Tennyson when he wrote the poem featuring this particular saint, a poem which was another solid contribution and addition to the long list of literature of the same genre, but unlike some of the works which is very puritan and hard line in the messages that it wishes to throw across the audience, St. Telemachus and the poem dedicated to him somehow managed to break off from the general trend a bit. â€Å"Tennyson’s St. Telemachus, who accepts martyrdom in the Colosseum as he repeats to himself ‘the call of god'†¦ s a notable exception to this secularized application (Jeffrey, p 816). † ANALYSING ST. TELEMACHUS’ LIFE THROUGH LITERARY REFERENCES It is really hard to ascertain why St. Telemachus did what he did. But a very good source of information is the analysis of the critics about St. Telemachus and the parallelisms that he and his life shares with other characters in real life and fictional stories that talk about the boldness and honor in the act of sacrifice as the climactic event in a life that is dictated by a life in solitude and constant communing with God and nature and heightened by the belief of a mission from a vision, which, in St. Telemachus’ case led him towards westward from his Asian point of origin towards Rome. In reading how he is appraised and put side by side with other characters to which he seemed to share a particular likeness or similarity, the individual looking for a deeper understanding about the personality of St. Telemachus will be given a chance to expand his or her knowledge about St. Telemachus. â€Å"Several other poems in the collection share significant thematic elements with ‘The Death of CEnone. ’ ‘St. Telemachus,’ for example, immediately follows ‘The Death of CEnone’ and similarly depicts a hermit living alone in a cave, muttering ‘Vicisti Galilae,’ as in Swinburne’s ‘Hymn to Proserpine’ . † This particular side by side analysis of equally significant literary materials and notable characters somewhat provides an individual an idea about how St. Telemachus lived his life and the level of significance he bears, as a person and as a central character in a literary material that is written by one of the most notable and popular poet that ever lived. Like CEnone, Telemachus is drawn out of his cave by the vision of a burning image, in this case the sun, and he leaves the cave to commit an act that will bring his life to a close. Telemachus travels to Rome to attempt to put a stop to the deaths of gladiators in public spectacles . † ST. TELEMACHUS AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE IDEA OF HUMAN RIGHTS St. Telemachus can be considered as one of the earliest examples of advocates for human rights. He was merely batting for human rights during his interference midway in the game and the plea to stop because he believes that killing each other is not morally right. He was not a political pawn that was sent to create a situation that is profitable or favorable for a particular group or individual. All that was obvious was that the prospect of what he planned to do will no doubt put his life in peril since he was set to do an action that will put him in cross current with the existing social practice, like the gladiatorial fights. But he did it, and it cost him his life as well as a posthumous recognition, as well as an action that was inspired by his own initial move to stop gladiatorial fight. â€Å"Though he is killed in his attempt, his act draws the attention of the Emperor Honorius, who thereby prohibits such combats in the future . † The claim that gladiatorial fights were indeed ordered stopped after the reported murder of St. Telemachus was supported by many other different literary sources explaining the same repercussion of St. Telemachus' action as the springboard towards the stoppage of such kinds of fights. â€Å"Never again after St. Telemachus implored them in the name of Christ to cease did gladiatorial fights take place in the Colosseum. † A proof that St. Telemachus led a life that exemplifies the passion for a humanitarian cause and to improve the situation of human rights crisis during his time is the fact that some observers describe St. Telemachus as a martyr who died for the cause of humanity, â€Å"the only monk who died a martyr in the cause of humanity . † ISSUES ON THE STORY OF ST. TELEMACHUS Besides the presence of many different version of the story of St. Telemachus, particularly the story of his death as was discussed earlier in the paper, there are also other significant issues that are involved everytime critics and analysts try to ascertain the veracity of the information available and surrounding St. Telemachus’ life and death. What is not clear, however, is the extent of the political impact of the death of St. Telemachus which was enough and sufficient to actually order the stoppage of such practice. Bear in mind that St. Telemachus was an ascetic; he was not well connected, politically and his death is not important inside the political circles of the Roman legislative body; his death was of no serious repercussions, meaning the death of St. Telemachus was far from being akin to political killings or assassination that affect politics and social order. Bear in mind also that gladiatorial fights inside the Roman Colosseum and arenas are a long standing traditional practice that seemed to be not that easy to demolish, especially since many individuals depend their lives on the regular undertaking of this fights, including the fighters themselves as well as the slave traders, merchants, gamblers and many other different individuals. Because of this, it is really very difficult to really understand how it happened that the death of an unknown hermit who is not a native of Rome managed to result in such impact like the stoppage of the gladiatorial fights. And because of this vague, gray part in the history and story of St. Telemachus that begs for more explanation and proof, it is not surprising that many individuals find it difficult to believe in the veracity of the story. McCabe provided a very insightful input in the discussion of the possibility that St. Telemachus indeed put a stop to the gladiatorial fights and how this may not be socially and realistically possible. McCabe discussed in his book that the gladiatorial fights nonetheless persisted long after Telemachus was dead, and that this particular bloodsport featuring man versus beast and man versus man is an important institution in the Roman entertainment that it cannot just be stopped in one fell swoop, just because one person said so by act of intervention and mediation in an actual fight. There are socio-political as well as socio-economical implications that make the story of St. Telemachus very weak and the fact that it is poorly supported in literature by actual real information makes it less and less credible. â€Å"And it is historically false that the games were suppressed in 404; though even this is ninety years after the bishops began to have influence over the emperors . † Some of those who are also very critical about their assessment of what qualify as martyrdom and what is not a considerable act or life of martyrdom questions the martyrdom of several different saints and martyrs, and St. Telemachus has not escaped the criticisms. Those who dissect the understanding of sainthood and martyrdom in a very puritan and very skeptical and crucial way questions the manner by which martyrs and saints like St. Telemachus was proclaimed martyrs in the first place, including in the assessment the understanding of selflessness as well as sacrifice and what really constitutes as real acts of selflessness and sacrifice that is considered as sufficient and legitimate to make the individual a saint or a martyr in the Roman Catholic faith. â€Å"It is likely enough also that martyrs to charity – men like St. Telemachus and St. Philip of Moscow, Abp. Affre and Bp. Patteson – have their portion with the perfect martyrs to faith; in some cases, as in the last, it is hard to draw a line between the two: any way, those who suffer for righteousness sake suffer for Christ†¦ but to suffer for conscience's sake, however noble, is not necessarily quite the same thing: and it is hardly right to claim the name of martyr for the victims – certainly not for the victims on one side only – in the fratricidal contests of Christians . † But even this kind of assessment or criticism does not provide enough ground to challenge the merit of the martyrdom of St. Telemachus. Even with the surfacing of this particular criticism, those who believe in him seem to feel that their faith in the saint did not diminish, especially since the presence of the criticism is not credible or strong enough to push for the review or even the relinquishing of the martyrdom of St. Telemachus. A very difficult problem that needs to be addressed when it comes to establishing the veracity of St. Telemachus as a person, as well as his martyrdom and sainthood is the fact that those who would really want to believe in St. Telemachus finds it odd that there is no cathedral, church or chapel as well as shrines and even statues of St. Telemachus found in popular as well as small religious establishments for the Roman catholic faith. This is odd because Roman Catholicism is one of the religions that is characterized by the penchant of its religious leaders as well as religious followers to create stone, wood, glass or steel statues of Jesus, Mary, the Holy Spirit, as well as the saints and the angels and other holy individuals who are related to the Roman Catholic faith. If this was the practice of this religion, then why one of their Roman civilization-era saints was not featured in any tangible, three dimensional sculpture at least placed in at least one of the lowliest and smallest church in the world? If this is true, then this affects in a negative way the manner by which St. Telemachus is being seen and appreciated as a real martyr and saint in the Roman Catholic domain. â€Å"I wish to believe in the story of St. Telemachus. Yet no church has been dedicated, no altar has been erected † for St. Telemachus. There are critics, historians and analysts who downplay the storyline of St. Telemachus, dismissing it as no more than a work of imagination or fiction and pointing that the socio-political aspects of the time, as well as supporting information (or lack of) makes the idea about St. Telemachus untrue and grossly inconsistent of the closest possible facts that might have really happened. Add to the fact that consistent to the question of fratricide among the Christian brothers belonging to the same religious affiliation, making the story of St. Telemachus close to being fabricated for PR purposes it the fact that St. Telemachus would have surely died in the hands of the same Christian crowd. This scenario seem like it cannot stand well on the moral and values of Christianity that St. Telemachus was though to have been preaching. â€Å"On the other hand, the claim that Christianity redeemed the Romans of their callousness by suppressing the gladiatorial games is a piece of rhetorical d eceit. It is chiefly based upon a pretty story of a monk, Telemachus, throwing himself into the arena at Rome in protest. Those who repeat the story do not add that the monk is supposed to have been killed by the Christian mob, but the story is worthless . † McCabe went to the great extent of challenging the notion of reality of the story of Saint Telemachus and the veracity of the true Telemachus as a person and as a martyr by providing an important point. The name of St. Telemachus, according to McCabe apparently is not found in the list of martyrs that are officially recognized by the church. â€Å"There is no St. Telemachus in Roman lists of martyrs . † CONCLUSION. Whether St. Telemachus and the story of his martyrdom is real or merely fabricated by historians who seek to improve the list Roman Catholic devout and faithful throughout the history by creating a person who will symbolize the stand of the Roman Catholic faith against one of the barbaric past times and forms of leisure in the history of mankind, it cannot be denied that St. Telemachus and his life was an inspiration to some people. It maybe true, it maybe untrue, it may even be a story that is a combination of both, but the important thing is that St. Telemachus was capable of symbolizing the ability of the human individual for sacrifice and act of faith even at the cost of his life. Religious faith, after all, is all about the ability for selfless and unquestioning faith. If St. Telemachus can help them achieve this state, then he will no doubt be an important personality in the Roman Catholic history, unless of course, a very competitive and authoritative work can actu ally challenge St. Telemachus’ life and prove that none of the stories surrounding him were true, real or consistent with facts that should be proven and authenticated. Until that time, the religious can rest their faith on the martyrs and the saints, including St. Telemachus. Even if St. Telemachus was criticized by some, there are those who feel that St. Telemachus should also be taken highly and accorded their necessary fervor, an example of which is how Charles Kingsley referenced St. Telemachus in ‘Hypatia,’ where he wrote: â€Å"Take care, sir, of your words. You revile the blessed martyrs, from St. Stephen to St. Telemachus, when you call such a deed foolish . †

An Annotated Bibliography on Multi-cultural Education

Mary Stone Hanley, a teacher in the Teacher Certification Program of Antioch University in Seattle, explains and elaborates some of the issues concerning multicultural education and gives a brief history of the subject as well as a few suggestions for its improvement in â€Å"The Scope of Multicultural Education†. She explains the ideals and goals of a multicultural approach to education and the possible ways of achieving them through citations of works from other people and of course, from herself.   The main targets of her article are the teachers concerned in teaching multicultural groups of students. Her article can also be used to inform other people about the subject of multicultural education. She is still continuing further researches for the development of multicultural education. John Morefield. â€Å"Recreating Schools For All Children.† New Horizons for Learning. John Morefield conducted extensive researches for the availability of good education for â€Å"all† children. When he became the principal of Hawthorne Elementary School in Seattle, Washington, he promised the community that entering kindergartners would graduate with skills at or above expected grade level competency. Thus his researches on what works in diverse communities. His targets are all concerned audiences with emphasis to fellow teachers. His article specifies twelve characteristics that he thinks are needed to have a successful school. He explains that since it is widely accepted that American education has been biased and racist, it is now time to move on and prepare a better future of education for all the children of the world. Rey A. Gomez. â€Å"Teaching with a Multicultural Perspective.† ERIC digest. Gomez explains that to teach with a multicultural perspective will encourage understanding and appreciation of one’s own culture, as well as others. He suggests that the use of this perspective in teaching could promote a sense of uniqueness and specialty to his own culture to the child and therefore making the child create a same sense of perspective when viewing other’s cultures. He also suggests that multicultural programs should not utterly focus on only the other’s cultures to the extent that a stereotype is created within the class. In his article, Morefield also reminds the parents of the children attending multicultural schools of the `myths’ that usually lead to the stereotype behaviors of their children toward multiculturalism. Wilson, Keith. â€Å"Multicultural Education.† EdChange. Wilson is an associate professor at the Pennsylvania State University. In his article, he gives a definition of Multicultural Education, and gives examples of the pros and cons of Multicultural Education. He cites some views from other writers to complement their views. He also gives a few suggestions on as to how a multicultural education program may succeed. Burnett, Gary. Varieties of Multicultural Education: An Introduction. ERIC Digest 98. Burnnet compares and contrast some of the programs that represent the current multicultural education typologies. He explains in his article some of the current programs that are currently being used to aid in multicultural education for the benefit of those who would like to create their own policies and or programs for the advancement of multicultural education. He cites some articles concerning debates about the effectiveness of some of the programs to back up his explanations. Milk, Robert-Mercado, Carmen-Sapiens, Alexandria. Rethinking the Education of Teachers of Language Minority Children: Developing Reflective Teachers for Changing Schools. NCBE Focus. The article’s main idea is how to make the teachers more ‘language minority students’ friendly. They wish to clarify and explain the roles of the teachers on the educational lives of the students. They cited several works of other people to further explain the importance of the teacher’s role in the political, demographic, and programmatic statuses of the schools that teach language minority students. They give suggestive guidelines for the teachers to help them in teaching language minority students. Attinasi, John. â€Å"Academic Achievement, Culture, and Literacy: An Introduction.† NCREL. He relates his own ideas and experiences to the audience to explain his, and other’s views about multicultural education. In this article, he introduces multiculturalism by relating it to his views of â€Å"closure† and â€Å"processes† and then states a few brief history of the evolution of multiculture. He then gives a few guidelines and information on how multiculturalism can imply changes on the way of teaching in a school with diversely cultured students. Gollnick, Donna M. – Chinn, Philip C. Multicultural Education for Exceptional Children. ERIC Digest #E498. Gollmick and Chinn stress the importance of multicultural education on the growing population of the U.S. in their article. They also give importance to the purposes of multiculturalism in the education world. They also stress the importance of the teacher’s roles and their curriculums on the multicultural students. and then they give suggestion on as to how to create a non-biased and effective curriculum for teachers, or for schools, who handle multiculturally diverse classes. Their article is a good preview of how important is the need for improvement of multiculture education. Cohen, Cheryl. Teaching about Ethnic Diversity. ERIC Digest No. 32. Cohen explains the importance of Ethnic Diversity as part of the curriculum to be used for students. He also gives stress to the effective procedures to be used in teaching Ethnic Diversity. Basically, it is an informative article that emphasizes the importance of Ethnic Diversity in a curriculum for students. Its main audiences are teachers and the vast American children of different ethnical backgrounds. Covert, Bob and Gorski, Paul. Defining Multicultural Education. EdChange Gorski and Covert give hints as to what does Multicultural Education really mean. They show that there is almost no two classrooms that has the same definition for Multicultural Education. Then they give examples of aspects of multicultural education. They state the importance of the definition on the possible transformations it could cause to the society. They also stated a possible goal of multicultural education which is to affect social change of the world. References: Attinasi, J. (1994). Academic Achievement, Culture, and Literacy: An Introduction. Retrieved August 8, 2007 from the NCREL database. Website: http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/educatrs/leadrshp/le0att.htm Burnnet, G. (1995). Varieties of Multicultural Education: An Introduction. ERIC Digest 98. ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education New York NY. Retrieved August 8, 2007 from the ERIC digest database. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED372146. Website: http://www.ericdigests.org/1995-1/multicultural.htm Chinn, P. and Gollnick, D. (1991). Multicultural Education for Exceptional Children. ERIC Digest #E498. ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education New York NY. Retrieved August 8, 2007 from the ERIC digest database. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED333620. Website: http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9220/exceptional.htm Cohen, C. (1986). Teaching about Ethnic Diversity. ERIC Digest No. 32. ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education New York NY. Retrieved August 8, 2007 from the ERIC digest database. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED273539. Website: http://www.thememoryhole.org/edu/eric/ed273539.html Covert, B. and Gorski, P. Defining Multicultural Education. EdChange. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from EdChange database. Website: http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/initial.html Gomez, R. (1991). Teaching with a Multicultural Perspective. ERIC Digest. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education Urbana IL. Retrieved August 8, 2007 from the ERIC digest database. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED339548. Website: http://www.ericdigests.org/1992-5/perspective.htm Hanley, M. S. (n.d.). The Scope of Multicultural Education. New Horizons for Learning. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from New Horizons for Learning. Website: http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/multicultural/hanley.htm Milk, R.; Mercado, C.; Sapiens, A. (summer 1992). Number 6. NCBE FOCUS: Occasional Papers in Bilingual Education. Retrieved August 8, 2007 from NCBA database. Website: http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/focus/focus6.htm Morefield, J. (n.d.). Recreating Schools For All Children. New Horizons for Learning. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from New Horizons for Learning. Website: http://www.newhorizons.org/trans/morefield.htm Wilson,K. (n.d.). Multicultural Education. EdChange. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from EdChange database. Website: http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/papers/keith.html      

Manual Inventory System Essay

Manual Inventory System involves all concerns within its transactions, on how the staff would be able to maintain the current status of their inventory, whether adding, deleting, and ordering a stock, the manual process consumes too much time for the staff and rigid time to process a transaction every year, the demand for the computer based systems for the businesses just keeps on growing. Companies have improved their old system for ease of work in accessing files and organizing records. Converting their old system into a much efficient computerized system, this will have a great effect on the grocery; this also helps ease the work to the staff maintaining the inventory. This contains the proposed inventory system for the store. It contains diagrams, data flows and flowcharts that describe on how the system flows. The proposed system utilizes the best way to organize the database type of system and to improve the services of the people involve. 1 Manually carry the products in each store , but if you use the computer and the other can be used to facilitate the bringing of products will improve the workers who are making it but still no use, so the difficulty manual workers because they do it, but persistent level for its workers and also requirements of shops and companies. A point of sale inventory management system allows a business owner to have more than one business location and adequately keep track of inventory at each without being present. No more worries about employee theft or pricing inconsistency between one location and another. 2In order not to sink the sale of products and requirements are also always looking at each along with your wither to be rising in the sale without having to fooling. Well not to worry, the boss of the company of the product taken. The way in which an organization manages its inventory levels has a significant impact on that organization’s profitability. If an organization is unable to anticipate product demand they could find themselves with inadequate product to meet customers’ needs or in a different regard too much product that remains unsold in the warehouse. 3 Should not keep the  product in a warehouse to be wasted and should also always much makes it to facilitate the sale. This barcode is also added to the documentation used during manufacturing and when a component has been identified as necessary, assembly line workers or assembler can scan the part number or numbers that they need and the parts will be ordering for delivery the next day from the supply warehouse. 4 To know also if not level for the product and should be will disposed. Selecting business software for inventory control must be intensely analyzed. Any manufacturer, distributor, warehouse or retail operation knows that controlling inventory and inventory levels can make or break your operation. Selecting the right business software for your inventory control system will enable you to successfully manage and control your inventory levels and costs. The foundation of this is your inventory database. 5 Because I need to correct sells products to sink and not yet settled to the manufacture of products and a successful business. Customers are ordering from the store every other day , the store personnel distribute drinks nearly 60-80 stores within the said area. The store sold approximately 90-100 cases of beverages in normal days and as far as possible the day they sold nearly two hundred cases of beverages while on off peak days they only sell eighty cases. At the end of the day, the shop keeper checks their stocks of how many drinks will be available for delivery on the next day anyway. The shop keeper also checks the cash on hand with receipts released today that they provided made their courier delivery to their customers in their area. They will verify if the cash in hand is equal from all receipts issued for the entire day. 6 I need no unclaimed money from the products in the unified confidentiality. Automated inventory is a system of keeping track of inventory on a perpetual basis. This type of inventory control ensures items are accounted for and that inflow and outflow status is updated on a continual basis. Automated inventory may be implemented through things like vending machines or with inventory management companies. Based on controlling costs, automated inventory systems track each item or product used in production or retail sales through an inventory software system. When the minimum quantity of an item is reached, an order can be placed immediately and automatically to  restock that item. This process takes into account the time needed for an order to be placed and for the company to receive and restock the item. An inventory system of this type can ensure enough products are available for sale so that customers do not go elsewhere to buy it.